k8s.github.io

Pre-requisite DNS

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In this section, we will take a look at DNS in the Linux

Name Resolution

With help of the ping command. Checking the reachability of the IP Addr on the Network.

$ ping 172.17.0.64
PING 172.17.0.64 (172.17.0.64) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.17.0.64: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.384 ms
64 bytes from 172.17.0.64: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.415 ms

Checking with their hostname

$ ping web
ping: unknown host web

Adding entry in the /etc/hosts file to resolve by their hostname.

$ cat >> /etc/hosts
172.17.0.64  web


# Ctrl + c to exit

It will look into the /etc/hosts file.

$ ping web
PING web (172.17.0.64) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from web (172.17.0.64): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.491 ms
64 bytes from web (172.17.0.64): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.636 ms

$ ssh web

$ curl http://web

DNS

Every host has a DNS resolution configuration file at /etc/resolv.conf.

$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 127.0.0.53
options edns0

To change the order of dns resolution, we need to do changes into the /etc/nsswitch.conf file.

$ cat /etc/nsswitch.conf

hosts:          files dns
networks:       files

If it fails in some conditions.

$ ping wwww.github.com
ping: www.github.com: Temporary failure in name resolution

Adding well known public nameserver in the /etc/resolv.conf file.

$ cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver   127.0.0.53
nameserver   8.8.8.8
options edns0

$ ping www.github.com
PING github.com (140.82.121.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 140.82.121.3 (140.82.121.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=57 time=7.07 ms
64 bytes from 140.82.121.3 (140.82.121.3): icmp_seq=2 ttl=57 time=5.42 ms

Domain Names

net-8

Search Domain

net-9

Record Types

net-10

Networking Tools

Useful networking tools to test dns name resolution.

nslookup

$ nslookup www.google.com
Server:         127.0.0.53
Address:        127.0.0.53#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   www.google.com
Address: 172.217.18.4
Name:   www.google.com

dig

$ dig www.google.com

; <<>> DiG 9.11.3-1 ...
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 8738
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 65494
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.google.com.                        IN      A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.google.com.         63      IN      A       216.58.206.4

;; Query time: 6 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53)